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5 Fundamental SQL Operations for Data Scientists

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5 min readAug 11, 2021

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Learn the fundamentals well before proceeding further.

Photo by Valentin Antonucci on Unsplash

SQL stands for Structured Query Language. However, it is capable of performing much more than querying a database. SQL is also a highly efficient data analysis and manipulation tool.

Most companies store their data in relational databases. A relational database consists of tables that are related to each other by means of shared columns. It is managed by a relational database management system such as MySQL, SQL server, PostgreSQL, and so on.

These systems use SQL to interact with a database. The interaction can be in the form of retrieving data from one table or multiple tables. Furthermore, SQL allows for filtering, manipulating, and analyzing data.

Thus, we are able to retrieve only what is needed. It is much more efficient than getting all the data and then filtering. The other fundamental data operations make SQL a complete tool for data analysis and manipulation.

In this article, we will go over 5 fundamental SQL operations.

  • Select
  • Where
  • Group by
  • Having
  • Order by

Note: Although the SQL syntax is mostly the same in different relational database…

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